When you store posts (Mongoose documents) directly in cache, node-cache (or any cache library) internally calls JSON.stringify(). That triggers Mongoose’s inspect / toObject, which tries to access .populated. In some cases (nested arrays like your comments.user) it undefined
💠What is ISR (Incremental Static Regeneration)?
ISR combines SSG with the ability to update static pages after deployment using a timer or on-demand.
Use revalidate to specify time (in seconds)
Keeps pages fresh without rebuilding
SSG (Static Site Generation) means pages are generated at build time and served as static HTML.
🧠 Use when:
Data doesn’t change often
You want fast loading and SEO
SSR (Server Side Rendering) means the HTML is rendered on the server per request.
🧠 Use SSR when:
Content changes frequently
Needs real-time or auth-specific data
redirect() is a built-in function in next/navigation that allows you to immediately redirect the user from server-side code (Server Actions, Server Components).
⚠️ Works only on the server — you can't use it in Client Components.
✅ Shallow routing:
Allows you to change the URL without running data fetching methods again (like getStaticProps, getServerSideProps).
Available only in the Pages Router, not in the App Router.
Intercepting Routes let you override or inject a route into another layout’s view temporarily (e.g., open login modal from any page).
📁 Example:
app/
├── feed/
│ └── page.tsx
└── (.)login/page.tsx → intercepts and displays login over feed
What is layout.tsx and how does it work?
🔹 layout.tsx allows you to create a consistent UI across multiple pages, such as navigation bars, footers, sidebars.
📍 Defined at any folder level, it wraps all page.tsx under it.
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